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This enhances the size of their ordinary transaction in such nodes' view, thus increasing the block size without incurring the hard fork signaled by additional suggestions for block size increases. Thus, per computer scientist Jochen Hoenicke, the actual block capability depends on the ratio of SegWit transactions in the block, and on the ratio of signature data.

According to Hoenicke, if native SegWit addresses from Bitcoin Core version 0.16.0 are utilized, and SegWit adoption reaches 90% to 95%, a block size of up to 1.8 megabytes is possible.citation needed.

Satoshi Nakamoto stated in his white newspaper that:"The root issue with conventional currencies is all of the trust thats needed to make it operate. The central bank has to be trusted not to debase the currency, but the history of fiat currencies is full of breaches of the trust. "123

According to the European Central Bank, the decentralization of money offered by bitcoin has its theoretical roots in the Austrian school of economics, especially with Friedrich von Hayek in his publication Denationalisation of Money: The Argument Refined,124 in which he recommends a complete free market in the production, distribution and management of money to end the monopoly of central banks.125:22.

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According to The New York Times, both libertarians and anarchists were attracted to the idea. Early bitcoin supporter Roger Ver stated:"At first, nearly everyone who got involved did so for philosophical reasons. We saw bitcoin as a great concept, as a means to separate money from your state. "123 The Economist describes bitcoin as"a techno-anarchist job to create an online version of cash, a means for people to transact with no prospect of interference from malicious governments or banks".126.

Nigel Dodd asserts in The Social Life of Bitcoin the essence of the bitcoin ideology would be to eliminate money from societal, as well as governmental, control.128 Dodd estimates a YouTube video, together with Roger Ver, Jeff Berwick, Charlie Shrem, Andreas Antonopoulos, Gavin Wood, Trace Meyer and other proponents of bitcoin reading The Declaration of Bitcoin's Independence.

Bitcoin undermines governments and disturbs institutions because bitcoin is fundamentally humanitarian. "128127.

David Golumbia states the ideas influencing bitcoin advocates emerge from right-wing extremist movements such as the Liberty Lobby and the John Birch Society and their anti-Central Bank rhetoric, or, more recently, Ron Paul and Tea Party-style libertarianism.129 Steve Bannon, that owns a"good stake" in bitcoin, considers it to be"disruptive populism.

It's revolutionary. "130.

However, researchers looking to uncover the reasons for interest in bitcoin did not find evidence in Google search data this was linked to libertarianism.131

Bitcoin is an electronic asset designed to work in peer transactions as a currency.5132 Bitcoins have three qualities useful in a currency, according to The Economist in January 2015: they're"hard to earn, limited in distribution and easy to verify".133 But as of 2015update bitcoin functions more as a payment processor than as a currency.13431.

Economists define money as a store of value, a medium of exchange, and a unit of account.135 According to The Economist in 2014, bitcoin functions best as a medium of exchange.135 However, this is debated,136 and a 2018 assessment from The Economist found that cryptocurrencies met none of these 3 standards.126.

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According to research by Cambridge University, between 2.9 million and 5.8 million unique users used a cryptocurrency wallet in 2017, most of them for bitcoin. The number of users has grown significantly since 2013, when there were 300,000 to 1.3 million Bonuses users.12

The overwhelming majority of bitcoin transactions occur on a cryptocurrency exchange, rather than being used in transactions with merchants.137 Delays processing payments through the blockchain of approximately ten minutes make bitcoin use very hard in a retail setting. Rates are not usually quoted in units of bitcoin and many trades involve one, or occasionally two, conversions into conventional currencies.31 Merchants that do accept bitcoin payments may use payment service providers to perform the conversions.138.

In 2017 and 2018 bitcoin's acceptance among leading online retailers included only three of the top 500 U.S. online merchantsdown from five in 2016.137 Reasons for this decline include high transaction fees due to bitcoin's scalability issues and long transaction times.139

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Bloomberg reported that the largest 17 crypto merchant-processing services handled $69 million in June 2018down from $411 million in September 2017. Bitcoin is"not really usable" for retail transactions due to high prices and the inability to process chargebacks, according to Nicholas Weaver, a researcher supplied by Bloomberg. High cost volatility and transaction fees make paying small retail purchases using bitcoin impractical, according to economist Kim Grauer.